Robust Watermarking based on Subsampling and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

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Robust Watermarking based on Subsampling and Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

This paper presents a novel robust digital image watermarking scheme using subsampling and nonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, subsampling is used to construct a subimage sequence. Then, based on the column similarity of the subimage sequence, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is applied to decompose the sequence. A Gaussian pseudo-random watermark sequence is embedded in the factor...

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Article history: Received 16 September 2007 Received in revised form 1 July 2008 Accepted 16 September 2008 Available online 5 November 2008

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This paper presents a modified digital image watermarking method based on nonnegative matrix factorization. Firstly, host image is factorized to the product of three nonnegative matrices. Then, the centric matrix is transferred to discrete cosine transform domain. Watermark is embedded in low frequency band of this matrix and next, the reverse of the transform is computed. Finally, watermarked ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Informatica

سال: 2008

ISSN: 0868-4952,1822-8844

DOI: 10.15388/informatica.2008.230